This humorous story from Nikolai Gogol charts the descent of a government clerk into insanity. He dismisses his supervisor’s concerns about strange behavior as jealousy, becomes infatuated with his Department Head’s daughter, stalks the poor girl after overhearing a conversation between two dogs, reads their (the dogs’) letters, and finally suffers delusions of grandeur, believing himself to be the King of Spain. In the process, the story satirizes Russia’s bureaucratic wastefulness and obsession with titles and social status. The major theme is, of course, madness. Other themes: purposeless work, alienation, envy, wounded pride, class and (in the asylum) cruelty, suffering. More…
A Village After Dark
If you like a story where everything is neatly tied up at the end, this dream-like tale by Kazuo Ishiguro may not be for you. A filthy, feeble old man dressed in rags returns to a village in which he was a person of influence many years ago. His memory is failing, so the village feels somewhat alien. His purpose is to “make amends”, but we aren’t told what for, Older villagers are uneasy about his return, while to the younger generation he is a cult-like hero. Themes include identity, alienation, redemption, jealousy/ego, bullying, aging and the fragility of memory. More…
The Last Leaf
This story by O. Henry is one that most who read it never forget. Two young women trying to make a living as artists share an apartment in New York City. One of them becomes very sick, and believes that she will die when the last leaf falls from an ivy plant on the wall opposite her window. An unlikely figure (an old, alcoholic, failed artist who rarely has a nice word for anyone) helps to save her. However, his act of kindness comes at a very high cost. Themes include friendship, defeatism vs. hope, compassion, sacrifice, art. More…
A Defenseless Creature
In addition to his tales highlighting serious issues such as poverty, class, death and unfulfilled expectations, Anton Chekhov wrote dozens of comic short stories to support himself through medical school. In this story, a persistent, shrew-like woman wears down a sickly banker. The exasperated man finally pays money the woman claims is owing to her husband out of his own pocket, even though the alleged debt has nothing to do with his bank. Despite the woman repeatedly describing herself as such, readers are left wondering if the harried banker is the titular “defenseless creature”. Themes: bureaucracy, communication, desperation, persistence. More…
Dante and the Lobster
As suggested in the title, this early story by Samuel Beckett contains several allusions to Dante’s Divine Comedy. Unfortunately, some of its nuances will be lost on readers unfamiliar with this work. Hidden among the allusions is an absurdist comedy spanning an afternoon in the life of a solitary, eccentric student having trouble with his studies. He is selfish and conceited, fanatical about unimportant things (such as making the perfect toasted sandwich), and apathetic towards things that matter (his studies, politeness, compassion.) Themes include sloth, frustration, the meaningless and futility of life, suffering and death. More…